法国斗牛犬(French Bulldog)AKC标准及介绍

[法国斗牛犬简介]

法国斗牛犬外貌是一种活泼、聪明、肌肉发达的狗，骨骼沉重，被毛平滑、结构紧凑，体型中等或较小。表情显得警惕、好奇而感兴趣。除了切除狼爪以外，对他的任何改动都是错误的，属于失格。

比例和匀称性：所有部位都均匀分布，每个部位与其他部位的关系都非常良好，不能有任何部位显得特别突出或缺乏，使整体显得缺乏匀称性。性别影响：比较不同性别的个体，对雌性的要求相对宽舒一些，在特征方面，不象对雄性要求的那样严格。

[法国斗牛犬的体型]

体重：不能超过28磅。超过28磅属于失格。比例：从马肩隆到地面的距离与从马肩隆到尾根处的长度关系恰当，所以，使他显得紧凑，非常平稳，且匀称。体质：肌肉发达，骨骼沉重。

[法国斗牛犬的头部]

头部大，且呈正方形。眼睛：颜色深，距离较宽，在脑袋上的位置低，离耳朵的距离尽可能远，形状较圆，中等大小，既不凹陷，也不突出。浅色的狗，眼睛颜色略浅是可以接受的。当他向前看时，瞬膜和眼白不可见。耳朵：是所谓的蝙蝠耳，根部宽，长，顶端圆，在头部的位置高，但不太靠近，直立，耳孔向前方。耳廓的质地细腻而柔软。除了蝙蝠耳以外，其他耳朵都属于失格。脑袋：顶部，在耳朵之间平坦；前额不平坦，而是略微圆拱。口吻：宽，深且向后；面颊的肌肉发达。止部清晰，因为在眼睛之间有凹陷凹槽，且有沉重的皱纹，在极短的鼻子上面形成柔软的卷；鼻孔宽，鼻孔之间有清晰的线条。鼻镜：黑色，鼻镜如果为黑色以外的任何颜色，都属于失格（除了浅色的狗，允许鼻镜的颜色稍浅，但不理想）。上唇为黑色，厚而宽，垂在下颌两侧，在前面与下唇结合，遮盖住牙齿。在嘴唇闭合时，牙齿不可见。下颌深，正方形，宽，下颌突出，而且向上翻。

[法国斗牛犬的颈部、背线、身躯]

颈部：粗而圆拱，喉咙有松弛的皮肤。背部：是拱起的，紧随肩胛后面，略微塌陷；结实，短，在肩胛处宽，而在腰部窄。身躯：短，且圆。胸部：宽、深且丰满，肋骨支撑良好，腹部上提。尾巴：直或螺旋状（但不卷曲），短，下垂，根部粗，而尖端细。休息时向下垂。

[法国斗牛犬的前躯]

前肢：短而“矮胖”，直，肌肉发达且距离宽。狼爪：可以切除。足爪：中等大小，紧凑而稳固。脚趾紧凑，上部裂开，趾关节高，趾甲短而粗硬。

[法国斗牛犬的后躯]

后腿：结实而肌肉发达，比前肢长，使腰部比肩胛略高。飞节位置低。足爪：中等大小，紧凑而稳固。脚趾紧凑，上部裂开，趾关节高，趾甲短而粗硬。后足爪比前足爪略长。

[法国斗牛犬的被毛]

被毛适度细腻，光滑，短而平滑。皮肤柔软而松弛，尤其是在头部和肩胛，形成皱纹。

[法国斗牛犬的颜色]

允许的颜色：虎斑色、驼色、白色、虎斑色带白色，及其他颜色（除了失格的颜色以外）。除了纯黑色、老鼠色、肝色、黑色带棕色、黑色带白色或白色带黑色属于失格外，其他颜色都可以接受。黑色是指黑色不带虎斑。

[法国斗牛犬的步态]

正确的步态是指双重轨迹，包括伸展和驱动；动作没有拘束，舒展，强健。

[法国斗牛犬的气质]

举止恰当，适应性强，且舒适的伴侣，天性挚爱，气质平静；通常是活跃、警惕且顽皮，但没有不恰当的喧闹。

[法国斗牛犬的失格]

除了切除狼爪以外，对他的任何改动。
体重超过28磅。
不是蝙蝠耳。
鼻镜为黑色以外的任何颜色，除了浅色的狗允许鼻镜的颜色稍浅，但不理想。
纯黑色、老鼠色、肝色、黑色带棕色、黑色带白色或白色带黑色。黑色是指黑色不带虎斑。

标准通过日期：1991年6月10日
标准执行日期：1991年7月31日

[以下为法国斗牛犬(French Bulldog)AKC标准英文原版]

French Bulldog Breed Standard

General Appearance
The French Bulldog has the appearance of an active, intelligent, muscular dog of heavy bone, smooth coat, compactly built, and of medium or small structure. Expression alert, curious, and interested. Any alteration other than removal of dewclaws is considered mutilation and is a disqualification.

Proportion and Symmetry--All points are well distributed and bear good relation one to the other; no feature being in such prominence from either excess or lack of quality that the animal appears poorly proportioned.

Influence of Sex--In comparing specimens of different sex, due allowance is to be made in favor of bitches, which do not bear the characteristics of the breed to the same marked degree as do the dogs.

Size, Proportion, Substance
Weight not to exceed 28 pounds; over 28 pounds is a disqualification. Proportion--Distance from withers to ground in good relation to distance from withers to onset of tail, so that animal appears compact, well balanced and in good proportion. Substance--Muscular, heavy bone.

Head
Head large and square. Eyes dark in color, wide apart, set low down in the skull, as far from the ears as possible, round in form, of moderate size, neither sunken nor bulging. In lighter colored dogs, lighter colored eyes are acceptable. No haw and no white of the eye showing when looking forward. Ears Known as the bat ear, broad at the base, elongated, with round top, set high on the head but not too close together, and carried erect with the orifice to the front. The leather of the ear fine and soft. Other than bat ears is a disqualification.

The top of the skull flat between the ears; the forehead is not flat but slightly rounded. The muzzle broad, deep and well laid back; the muscles of the cheeks well developed. The stop well defined, causing a hollow groove between the eyes with heavy wrinkles forming a soft roll over the extremely short nose; nostrils broad with a well defined line between them. Nose black. Nose other than black is a disqualification, except in the case of the lighter colored dogs, where a lighter colored nose is acceptable but not desirable. Flews black, thick and broad, hanging over the lower jaw at the sides, meeting the underlip in front and covering the teeth, which are not seen when the mouth is closed. The underjaw is deep, square, broad, undershot and well turned up.

Neck, Topline, Body
The neck is thick and well arched with loose skin at the throat. The back is a roach back with a slight fall close behind the shoulders; strong and short, broad at the shoulders and narrowing at the loins. The body is short and well rounded. The chest is broad, deep, and full; well ribbed with the belly tucked up. The tail is either straight or screwed (but not curly), short, hung low, thick root and fine tip; carried low in repose.

Forequarters
Forelegs are short, stout, straight, muscular and set wide apart. Dewclaws may be removed. Feet are moderate in size, compact and firmly set. Toes compact, well split up, with high knuckles and short stubby nails.

Hindquarters
Hind legs are strong and muscular, longer than the forelegs, so as to elevate the loins above the shoulders. Hocks well let down. Feet are moderate in size, compact and firmly set. Toes compact, well split up, with high knuckles and short stubby nails; hind feet slightly longer than forefeet.

Coat
Coat is moderately fine, brilliant, short and smooth. Skin is soft and loose, especially at the head and shoulders, forming wrinkles.

Color
Acceptable colors - All brindle, fawn, white, brindle and white, and any color except those which constitute disqualification. All colors are acceptable with the exception of solid black, mouse, liver, black and tan, black and white, and white with black, which are disqualifications. Black means black without a trace of brindle.

Gait
Correct gait is double tracking with reach and drive; the action is unrestrained, free and vigorous.

Temperament
Well behaved, adaptable, and comfortable companions with an affectionate nature and even disposition; generally active, alert, and playful, but not unduly boisterous.

Disqualifications
Any alteration other than removal of dewclaws.
Over 28 pounds in weight.
Other than bat ears.
Nose other than black, except in the case of lighter colored dogs, where a lighter colored nose is acceptable.
Solid black, mouse, liver, black and tan, black and white, and white with black. Black means black without a trace of brindle.

Approved June 10, 1991
Effective July 31, 1991