迷你雪纳瑞-Miniature Schnauzer

迷你雪纳瑞的标准（AKC）
总体外形
迷你雪纳瑞是一种强健的、活泼的更类犬，和其近亲标准雪纳瑞在总体形态方面类似，并一样有机敏、活跃的性格。

性格
典型的迷你雪纳瑞应该是机警、勇敢，服从命令。他很友好，聪明，乐于取悦主人。不能表现出过度的攻击或胆怯。
缺陷
过于玩具化、精神不集中、畏缩胆小、粗鲁不聪慧。
体型比例
体形为12至14英寸。身体结实，差不多是正方形，身高和长差不多一样，骨量充足，不应有任何玩具犬的倾向。


头部
头部强壮、呈矩形，宽度从耳至眼逐渐缩小，至鼻尖近一步缩小。前额平坦。头顶骨平，而且长前脸与头顶骨一样长。口吻部结实，与头骨相称，端部略纯，胡须丰厚，加强了头部的矩形效果。
缺陷
头部粗犷，颊部圆、厚、突起。齿剪状咬合。剪状咬合指数：当嘴闭上时，上前齿与下前齿交迭，上门牙的内表面刚好与下门牙的外表面接触,下颚突出的，下兜齿或上颚突出；水平咬合。


眼睛
深褐色，深陷，椭圆形，表情丰富。
缺陷
眼睛过大或过圆。眼睛太细并且过窄。


耳朵
双耳外形和长度一样，尖角。与头部平衡，长度不能过度。位于头骨顶部，以内缘直立，沿外缘成尽量小的钟形。如果是剪了耳朵的犬就要两边的耳朵都要相称。同样大小和耳型也要有耳尖，和头部比例匀称，耳根应生头盖骨上方。
不剪耳时，耳朵小，呈V型，向前折向头骨。
缺陷
耳朵和头的比例过长


颈部、背线、躯干
颈部强壮、呈良好的弓形，与肩部混合，咽喉部皮肤紧绷。躯干短而深，胸部延伸至少至肘部。肋骨曲率良好，身，向后很好的伸展到短短的腰部。躯干下部在腰窝处不折起。背线直，从肩至尾跟略下倾。肩部为身体最高点。从胸到臀的总长与肩部高度一样。
缺陷
胸过高或过窄，凹背或拱背。
尾根高，直立。当犬的被毛长度合理时，尾部的长度只要在背线以上可以辨别出即可。尾根过低。


前身
从各个角度看，前腿均直而平行。掌骨强壮，骨量好。胸深，将双前腿分开，避免收拢的前部形态。肘部紧靠，肋从第一条肋骨逐渐延伸，使双肘可以紧靠身体活动。
肩有坡度，肌肉发达，但仍平坦而均称。肩的位置充分向后，从侧面看，肩胛顶端在肘部以上成垂直线。肩胛顶端紧靠在一起。肩胛斜向前向下成一角度，使前肢能充分前伸，没有粘滞。肩胛和上臂长，使胸有足够的深度。足短而圆，类似猫足，足垫黑色，厚。脚趾弓，紧凑。
缺陷
肘松。


后身
后半部肌肉强健，大腿倾斜。在膝关节处充分弯曲。有充分的角度，跗部延伸至尾以外。后半部不能过分高，不能高过肩。
缺陷
被毛太软，太光滑，丝绸质感。


颜色
认可的颜色有椒盐、黑银和纯黑。没有所谓的银色。三种颜色有相同的皮肤色素，比如说，在犬身上任何一处不能有白或粉红的皮肤点。
椒盐色
典型的椒盐色毛色是由黑白色纹状毛发（指从毛根到毛尖由深至浅再到深的色泽变化）和黑白色非纹状毛发结合而来得，纹状毛发占主导地位。所有深浅的椒盐都是可以接受的，在顶层毛发中，纹状毛发和非纹状毛发可以是从浅至深的各种色泽混合（棕褐色底纹也可以接受）。在椒盐色犬中，椒盐色的纹理在眉毛、胡须、颊部、咽喉下、耳朵内、胸毛、尾根下、腿部修饰毛、后退内侧等处淡化成浅灰色或银白色。在身下，毛发也许会淡化，但如果淡化，淡化毛发不能在身侧一边延伸向上至超过肘部。
黑银色
黑银色与椒盐色的色泽变化一样。整个椒盐色的部分必须是黑色。黑银色犬的黑色顶层毛发是非常厚重的黑色，内层毛发为黑色。拔毛的部分不会淡化，也不会有棕色色调，身体下的毛发颜色深。
黑色
黑色是唯一认可的纯色雪纳瑞。理想的黑色应该是：外层毛发色泽厚重有光泽，底层毛发可稍稀疏，消光的黑色色泽，这是很自然的，不应扣分。拔毛的部分不会淡化，也不会有棕色色调。剪毛和剔毛的区域会有较淡的黑色。在胸部有小白斑可以接受，在身体其它部位有单根的白毛也可以接受。
失格缺陷
纯白色或是在犬身上的有色部位有白色的条纹、杂色斑或白色斑点，黑色雪纳瑞在胸部可有小块的白色斑。在椒盐色、黑银色和纯黑色犬身上在咽喉下和胸部可淡化成灰色或银白色，在这些淡化区域之间应是自然的毛色。任何在这些部位出现的不均称、相连的白纹、白斑均视作白色杂斑，为失格。

步态
小跑时的步态被用来评审犬只的运动姿态。从前面看，前腿肘部紧靠身体，直向前，双腿既不靠得太拢，也不分得太开。从后面看，后腿直，与前腿在同一个平面内运动。
请注意：当小跑时，后腿与前腿在同一平面内持续运动这个说法虽然被普遍接受，但其实有非常小的内倾。内倾在前半部从肩开始，在后半部从髋关节开始，无论从前还是从后看，腿从这些点到足垫都是笔直的。步态正确的迷你雪纳瑞的脚步内倾几乎是察觉不到的。但脚步的内倾并不能说明跗部内转、脚趾前部并得太拢、交叉步、肘部外翻等姿态是正确的。
从侧面看，前腿步幅充分延伸，后腿驱动强有力，跗关节充分抬起。足即不内翻也不外翻。
缺陷
一字步、斜步、前肢划桨似的步态（肘和肩向内收拢，导致前肢沿一个生硬的圆弧，以划桨似姿势向前摆）、骑乘马步态（象马那样，前足抬得很高，腕部弯曲）、后驱动力不足。
[以下为迷你雪纳瑞AKC标准英文原版]
Miniature Schnauzer Breed Standard
General Appearance
The Miniature Schnauzer is a robust, active dog of terrier type, resembling his larger cousin, the Standard Schnauzer, in general appearance, and of an alert, active disposition. Faults - Type - Toyishness, ranginess or coarseness.

Size, Proportion, Substance
Size - From 12 to 14 inches. He is sturdily built, nearly square in proportion of body length to height with plenty of bone, and without any suggestion of toyishness. Disqualifications - Dogs or bitches under 12 inches or over 14 inches.

Head
Eyes - Small, dark brown and deep-set. They are oval in appearance and keen in expression. Faults - Eyes light and/or large and prominent in appearance. Ears - When cropped, the ears are identical in shape and length, with pointed tips. They are in balance with the head and not exaggerated in length. They are set high on the skull and carried perpendicularly at the inner edges, with as little bell as possible along the outer edges. When uncropped, the ears are small and V-shaped, folding close to the skull.

Head strong and rectangular, its width diminishing slightly from ears to eyes, and again to the tip of the nose. The forehead is unwrinkled. The topskull is flat and fairly long. The foreface is parallel to the topskull, with a slight stop, and it is at least as long as the topskull. The muzzle is strong in proportion to the skull; it ends in a moderately blunt manner, with thick whiskers which accentuate the rectangular shape of the head. Faults - Head coarse and cheeky. The teeth meet in a scissors bite. That is, the upper front teeth overlap the lower front teeth in such a manner that the inner surface of the upper incisors barely touches the outer surface of the lower incisors when the mouth is closed. Faults - Bite - Undershot or overshot jaw. Level bite.

Neck, Topline, Body
Neck - strong and well arched, blending into the shoulders, and with the skin fitting tightly at the throat. Body short and deep, with the brisket extending at least to the elbows. Ribs are well sprung and deep, extending well back to a short loin. The underbody does not present a tucked up appearance at the flank. The backline is straight; it declines slightly from the withers to the base of the tail. The withers form the highest point of the body. The overall length from chest to buttocks appears to equal the height at the withers. Faults - Chest too broad or shallow in brisket. Hollow or roach back.

Tail set high and carried erect. It is docked only long enough to be clearly visible over the backline of the body when the dog is in proper length of coat. Fault - Tail set too low.

Forequarters
Forelegs are straight and parallel when viewed from all sides. They have strong pasterns and good bone. They are separated by a fairly deep brisket which precludes a pinched front. The elbows are close, and the ribs spread gradually from the first rib so as to allow space for the elbows to move close to the body. Fault - Loose elbows.

The sloping shoulders are muscled, yet flat and clean. They are well laid back, so that from the side the tips of the shoulder blades are in a nearly vertical line above the elbow. The tips of the blades are placed closely together. They slope forward and downward at an angulation which permits the maximum forward extension of the forelegs without binding or effort. Both the shoulder blades and upper arms are long, permitting depth of chest at the brisket.

Feet short and round (cat feet) with thick, black pads. The toes are arched and compact.

Hindquarters
The hindquarters have strong-muscled, slanting thighs. They are well bent at the stifles. There is sufficient angulation so that, in stance, the hocks extend beyond the tail. The hindquarters never appear overbuilt or higher than the shoulders. The rear pasterns are short and, in stance, perpendicular to the ground and, when viewed from the rear, are parallel to each other. Faults - Sickle hocks, cow hocks, open hocks or bowed hindquarters.

Coat
Double, with hard, wiry, outer coat and close undercoat. The head, neck, ears, chest, tail, and body coat must be plucked. When in show condition, the body coat should be of sufficient length to determine texture. Close covering on neck, ears and skull. Furnishings are fairly thick but not silky. Faults - Coat too soft or too smooth and slick in appearance.

Color
The recognized colors are salt and pepper, black and silver and solid black. All colors have uniform skin pigmentation, i.e. no white or pink skin patches shall appear anywhere on the dog.

Salt and Pepper - The typical salt and pepper color of the topcoat results from the combination of black and white banded hairs and solid black and white unbanded hairs, with the banded hairs predominating. Acceptable are all shades of salt and pepper, from light to dark mixtures with tan shadings permissible in the banded or unbanded hair of the topcoat. In salt and pepper dogs, the salt and pepper mixture fades out to light gray or silver white in the eyebrows, whiskers, cheeks, under throat, inside ears, across chest, under tail, leg furnishings, and inside hind legs. It may or may not also fade out on the underbody. However, if so, the lighter underbody hair is not to rise higher on the sides of the body than the front elbows.

Black and Silver - The black and silver generally follows the same pattern as the salt and pepper. The entire salt and pepper section must be black. The black color in the topcoat of the black and silver is a true rich color with black undercoat. The stripped portion is free from any fading or brown tinge and the underbody should be dark.

Black - Black is the only solid color allowed. Ideally, the black color in the topcoat is a true rich glossy solid color with the undercoat being less intense, a soft matting shade of black. This is natural and should not be penalized in any way. The stripped portion is free from any fading or brown tinge. The scissored and clippered areas have lighter shades of black. A small white spot on the chest is permitted, as is an occasional single white hair elsewhere on the body.

Disqualifications - Color solid white or white striping, patching, or spotting on the colored areas of the dog, except for the small white spot permitted on the chest of the black.

The body coat color in salt and pepper and black and silver dogs fades out to light gray or silver white under the throat and across the chest. Between them there exists a natural body coat color. Any irregular or connecting blaze or white mark in this section is considered a white patch on the body, which is also a disqualification.

Gait
The trot is the gait at which movement is judged. When approaching, the forelegs, with elbows close to the body, move straight forward, neither too close nor too far apart. Going away, the hind legs are straight and travel in the same planes as the forelegs.

Note - It is generally accepted that when a full trot is achieved, the rear legs continue to move in the same planes as the forelegs, but a very slight inward inclination will occur. It begins at the point of the shoulder in front and at the hip joint in the rear. Viewed from the front or rear, the legs are straight from these points to the pads. The degree of inward inclination is almost imperceptible in a Miniature Schnauzer that has correct movement. It does not justify moving close, toeing in, crossing, or moving out at the elbows.

Viewed from the side, the forelegs have good reach, while the hind legs have strong drive, with good pickup of hocks. The feet turn neither inward nor outward.

Faults - Single tracking, sidegaiting, paddling in front, or hackney action. Weak rear action.

Temperament
The typical Miniature Schnauzer is alert and spirited, yet obedient to command. He is friendly, intelligent and willing to please. He should never be overaggressive or timid.

Disqualifications
Dogs or bitches under 12 inches or over 14 inches.
Color solid white or white striping, patching, or spotting on the colored areas of the dog, except for the small white spot permitted on the chest of the black.
The body coat color in salt and pepper and black and silver dogs fades out to light gray or silver white under the throat and across the chest. Between them there exists a natural body coat color. Any irregular or connecting blaze or white mark in this section is considered a white patch on the body, which is also a disqualification.

Approved January 15, 1991
Effective February 27, 1991