蝴蝶犬(Papillon)AKC标准及介绍

蝴蝶犬(Papillon)AKC标准及介绍

[历史]
蝴蝶犬的身世来源无法考证, 从1545年一只被买卖的蝴蝶犬有记载后, 才开始由许多文书上出现. 有人认为,此犬的祖先是由中国传到西班牙的猎鹬犬种. 16世纪, 蝴蝶犬深受西班牙及法国贵族人士的喜爱, 从而确定了此犬在犬界的地位. 如苏格兰女王玛丽与其爱犬查理士王猎犬以其赴刑, 玛丽安德渥内特亦和蝴蝶犬一起赴死刑场. 19世纪, 法国及比利时饲养者致力发展直立耳的品种. 蝴蝶犬 耳朵上的装饰毛如翩翩起舞的蝴蝶,由此得名蝴蝶犬.美国和英国的饲养者致力要改良出比其它国家的体型更小的蝴蝶犬种

[简介]
蝴蝶犬是一种小巧、友好、文雅的玩具犬，骨骼纤细，动作轻巧、优美而活泼。与其他品种最大的区别在于其状似蝴蝶的耳朵。

[体型]
肩高8~11英寸。高于11英寸属于有缺陷。高于12英寸属于失格。身体的比例是体长略大于肩高。由于骨骼纤细，所以他不是一种结实的狗。体重与身高成正比。

[头部]
眼睛：颜色暗，圆，不外突，中等大小，眼神带有警惕。内眼角与止短端处于同一直线。黑色眼眶。

耳朵：直立耳或者垂耳，耳朵大而且耳尖较圆，位于头部两侧相对靠后的位置。（1）立耳型的耳朵斜向伸展，酷似展翅飞翔的蝴蝶翅膀。当警惕时，每个耳朵都背到与头部形成约45度角的位置。耳廓应该有足够的力量使整个耳朵保持竖立状态。（2）垂耳型，与我们所知道的一般蝴蝶犬一样，其他方面都很相似，但耳朵是下垂的，而且是完全向下。缺陷：耳朵小，耳尖太尖，耳位太高；一个耳朵竖立或部分耳朵下垂。头颅：头部小。头颅宽度中等，在两耳间，略呈圆拱型。在口吻与头部结合的位置，止部的轮廓十分清晰。

口吻：口吻精致，从头部下来突然变细，鼻尖非常细。口吻的长度（从鼻尖到止部）大约等于整个脑袋长度（从鼻尖到后脑）的1/3。鼻镜呈黑色，圆形，上端略平。鼻镜不是黑色属于严重缺陷。嘴唇紧、薄且黑。当嘴闭者时，应该看不见舌头。咬合为剪状咬合，上颚突出或下颌突出式咬合属于缺陷。

[颈部、背线、身躯]
颈部：长度中等。

背线：直而且平。胸深中等，肋骨扩张良好。腹部向上收。尾巴长，尾根位置高，反搭在背上。尾巴上饰有长而飘逸的饰毛。尾巴上的饰毛挂在身体两侧。缺陷：尾根低；没有反搭在背上或太短。

前躯：肩部轮廓清晰，向后斜着不影响行动。前肢纤细，骨骼细但必须很直，可以切除狼爪。足爪细而长（野兔爪），足尖不向内或向外翻。

后躯：恰当的发达和适当的角度。后腿纤细，骨骼细，从后面看，两腿平行。飞节不向里或向外翻。后脚如果有狼爪，必须切除。足爪细而长（野兔爪），足尖不向内或向外翻。

[被毛]
毛量丰富，长，精致，象丝一样，飘逸，直而且有弹性。背上和身体两侧的毛发笔直。胸部长有丰富的饰毛。没有底毛。头部、口吻、前肢正面和后肢从足爪到飞节部分的毛发紧而且短，耳朵边缘长有漂亮的饰毛，里面则长有中等长度的，柔软光滑的毛发。前腿背面长有饰毛，到脚腕处减少。后腿到飞节这段部分被"马裤"（也称为裙裤）覆盖。脚上的毛发较短，但精致的饰毛可能盖住脚面。

[颜色]
理想的颜色总是白色加其他颜色的斑纹。在头部，颜色必须是除白色外的其他颜色覆盖两个耳朵，正面和反面，并且延伸到眼睛，中间不能断开。纯色的头部，从鼻尖开始，脸中间有一道白筋的是首选。脸部图案对称是很重要的。有色斑纹在身体上的大小、位置、形状甚至存在或不存在都不重要。只要眼圈、鼻子和嘴唇的黑色素充足，至于是什么颜色并无区别。下列情况属于严重缺陷：除白色外的其他颜色不能覆盖耳朵（正面和反面），或不能从耳朵延伸到眼睛。如果在不影响蝴蝶形外观的前提下，耳朵周围镶一圈白边或在其他颜色上散布少量白色毛发不算严重缺陷。任何全白的狗或没有白色的狗都属于失格。

[步态]
轻松、迅速、从容、优雅，行走中不能有划桨动作，或臀部僵硬的情况出现。

[气质]
快乐，警惕，而且友好，不能胆怯，也不能有攻击性。

标准通过日期：1991年6月10日

标准执行日期：1991年7月31日

[以下为蝴蝶犬(Papillon)AKC标准英文原版]

Papillon Breed Standard
General Appearance
The Papillon is a small, friendly, elegant toy dog of fine-boned structure, light, dainty and of lively action; distinguished from other breeds by its beautiful butterfly-like ears.

Size, Proportion, Substance
Size - Height at withers, 8 to 11 inches. Fault - Over 11 inches. Disqualification - Over 12 inches. Proportion - Body must be slightly longer than the height at withers. It is not a cobby dog. Weight is in proportion to height. Substance - Of fine-boned structure.

Head
Eyes dark, round, not bulging, of medium size and alert in expression. The inner corners of the eyes are on line with the stop. Eye rims black. Ears - The ears of either the erect or drop type should be large with rounded tips, and set on the sides and toward the back of the head. (1) Ears of the erect type are carried obliquely and move like the spread wings of a butterfly. When alert, each ear forms an angle of approximately 45 degrees to the head. The leather should be of sufficient strength to maintain the erect position. (2) Ears of the drop type, known as the Phalene, are similar to the erect type, but are carried drooping and must be completely down. Faults - Ears small, pointed, set too high; one ear up, or ears partly down.

Skull - The head is small. The skull is of medium width and slightly rounded between the ears. A well-defined stop is formed where the muzzle joins the skull. Muzzle - The muzzle is fine, abruptly thinner than the head, tapering to the nose. The length of the muzzle from the tip of the nose to stop is approximately one-third the length of the head from tip of nose to occiput. Nose black, small, rounded and slightly flat on top. The following fault shall be severely penalized - Nose not black. Lips tight, thin and black. Tongue must not be visible when jaws are closed. Bite - Teeth must meet in a scissors bite. Faults - Overshot or undershot.

Neck, Topline, Body
Neck of medium length. Topline - The backline is straight and level. Body - The chest is of medium depth with ribs well sprung. The belly is tucked up. Tail long, set high and carried well arched over the body. The tail is covered with a long, flowing plume. The plume may hang to either side of the body. Faults - Low-set tail; one not arched over the back, or too short.

Forequarters
Shoulders well developed and laid back to allow freedom of movement. Forelegs slender, fine-boned and must be straight. Removal of dewclaws on forelegs optional. Front feet thin and elongated (hare-like), pointing neither in nor out.

Hindquarters
Well developed and well angulated. The hind legs are slender, fine-boned, and parallel when viewed from behind. Hocks inclined neither in nor out. Dewclaws, if any, must be removed from hind legs. Hind feet thin and elongated (hare-like), pointing neither in nor out.

Coat
Abundant, long, fine, silky, flowing, straight with resilient quality, flat on back and sides of body. A profuse frill on chest. There is no undercoat. Hair short and close on skull, muzzle, front of forelegs, and from hind feet to hocks. Ears well fringed, with the inside covered with silken hair of medium length. Backs of the forelegs are covered with feathers diminishing to the pasterns. Hind legs are covered to the hocks with abundant breeches (culottes). Tail is covered with a long, flowing plume. Hair on feet is short, but fine tufts may appear over toes and grow beyond them, forming a point.

Color
Always parti-color or white with patches of any color(s). On the head, color(s) other than white must cover both ears, back and front, and extend without interruption from the ears over both eyes. A clearly defined white blaze and noseband are preferred to a solidly marked head. Symmetry of facial markings is desirable. The size, shape, placement, and presence or absence of patches of color on the body are without importance. Among the colors there is no preference, provided nose, eye rims and lips are well pigmented black.

The following faults shall be severely penalized - Color other than white not covering both ears, back and front, or not extending from the ears over both eyes. A slight extension of the white collar onto the base of the ears, or a few white hairs interspersed among the color, shall not be penalized, provided the butterfly appearance is not sacrificed. Disqualifications - An all white dog or a dog with no white.

Gait
Free, quick, easy, graceful, not paddlefooted, or stiff in hip movements.

Temperament Happy, alert and friendly. Neither shy nor aggressive.

Disqualifications
Height over 12 inches.
An all white dog or a dog with no white.

Approved June 10, 1991
Effective July 31, 1991